With this switch, the BIOS configures the devices. This switch turns off serial and bus mouse detection in the Ntdetect. Use this switch if you have a component other than a mouse that is attached to a serial port during the startup process. Ports may be separated with commas to turn off more than one port. In earlier versions of Windows, including Windows NT 4.
By default, the Windows Loader screen only echoes progress dots. With this switch, you can define the actual hardware abstraction layer HAL that is loaded at startup. This switch is useful to try out a different HAL before you rename the file to Hal. This switch is also useful when you want to try to switch between starting in multiprocessor mode and starting in single processor mode. With this switch, you can define the actual kernel that is loaded at startup.
With this switch, you can switch between a debug-enabled kernel that is full of debugging code and a regular kernel. For more information about boot logging, see Windows Help. This switch specifies the amount of memory, in megabytes, that Windows cannot use. Use this parameter to confirm a performance problem or other problems that are related to RAM depletion.
This switch forces xbased systems to allocate 3 GB of virtual address space to programs and 1 GB to the kernel and to executive components. A program must be designed to take advantage of the additional memory address space. With this switch, user mode programs can access 3 GB of memory instead of the usual 2 GB that Windows allocates to user mode programs. The switch moves the starting point of kernel memory to 3 GB. You can combine other Boot. The following examples illustrate the parameters that are in effect when you select a Safe Mode option from the startup recovery menu.
These switches are included if you press F8 and then select one of the modes. This switch permits more page table entry PTE kernel memory but still maintains almost 3 GB of process memory space.
This range is wide enough to provide a large enough pool of system page table entries for all currently observed issues. For more information, click the following article numbers to view the articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:.
To turn on EMS by editing the Boot. To do this, configure the following entries:. The following example illustrates the use of these switches:. By default Windows provides applications with a flat bit virtual address space that describes 4 gigabytes of virtual memory. In other words, regardless of the amount of physical memory in your system RAM , bit versions of Windows only use a virtual address space of 4 GB. The address space is split so that 2 GB of address space is directly accessible to user-mode processes applications, for example your Opera Browser and the other 2 GB is only accessible to kernel-mode processes Windows operating system, drivers, etc.
The bit versions of Windows were later in their production cycles improved to provide applications with a 3 GB flat virtual address space, with the kernel and executive components using only 1 GB. The 3GB boot. Depending on what software you run on your server, it might make sense to optimize the server memory usage. If for example you are running only a few memory extensive large applications that do not interact with the operating system but rather work on their own, you might want to consider implementing this switch.
The additional virtual address space that you give applications with the 3GB switch helps reduce the amount of memory fragmentation in the virtual address space. The switch can have any value between 2 GB and 3 GB megabytes. It needs to be expressed in decimal notation. With the switch, Windows will use the remaining address space 4 GB minus the specified amount as its kernel-mode address space. You can see this in the boot. Another more detailed way is to research registry settings.
This will open the Windows boot. See the following print screen:. Now you can save the changes, close Notepad, and click OK to close all the open dialog boxes. This is what your default boot. The timeout and partition and other parameters depend on your setup. Make sure you do not enter a typo in this file as it might result in being unable to start your computer.
The following is a list of operating systems that support the 3GB switch:. You also can modify the value manually, which is useful when the system is booted to Windows 9x or a DOS prompt. See Section 1. Press an arrow key on the keyboard to stop the countdown and allow the boot menu to remain until you select an option. Skip to main content. Windows Quick Fixes by. Start your free trial. Change the boot menu options. Tip If you choose to modify the boot menu by editing boot.
Changing the default boot option. From a command line, use the following two commands to remove the read-only attribute removes read-only and restores hidden and system attributes : attrib -s -h -r boot.
Save the file, and if desired, restore the read-only attribute not required, but a good idea. Changing menu display timeout. Tip Press an arrow key on the keyboard to stop the countdown and allow the boot menu to remain until you select an option.
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