Impact gaming educational

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However, violent and exclusively entertaining media had a negative effect on child brain development. One study showed that educational games can help preschoolers learn coding, literacy, and math skills.

When parents watch and interact with the content with their child e. As a result of this research, the American Academy of Pediatrics encourages parents to watch educational shows with their children. Now, parents are encouraged to play educational video games with their children to help improve their learning. Please enter your email address. You will receive mail with link to set new password.

Sign in. Log into your account. Create an account. Sign up. Password recovery. Recover your password. Education Trends. Education Trends Gamification. The social and psychological benefits of gaming On the other hand, the specific application of gaming in education generates a lot of benefits in the learning process. Gaming is a social activity Gaming stimulates students and children to play together. These brain areas are known to play an essential role in spatial memory, executive function, and fine-tuned motor skills.

Using electrophysiological methods, Anguera et al. Importantly, non-trained neuropsychological test performance improved through training and these gains were positively associated with the neurofunctional changes.

These experimental findings are backed by observational studies on the association of gaming with brain health markers. Frequent players of board games, in contrast to rare players, showed a reduced cognitive decline and incidence of dementia Verghese et al. Bavelier et al. Frequent gamers, in contrast to non-gamers, showed reduced neuronal recruitment of the fronto-parietal network in attentionally challenging tasks which indicates more efficient attentional processing.

Finally, associations of gaming with brain structure were recently revealed. In sum, these recent advances in gaming research emphasize the potential of cognitively challenging games to improve different markers of brain health ranging from cognitive ability, brain function, and brain structure to incidence of dementia.

In the following, we will outline the impact of educationally relevant learning of knowledge and skills on brain health markers. Extensive learning experiences are thought to require prolonged activation of basic neurocognitive abilities such as executive control processes and long-term memory Park et al. Successful learning experiences may enhance brain health by additional mechanisms as evidenced in animal models.

Learning novel information increased survival of newborn cells in the hippocampus, an area that plays an essential role for episodic memory see Shors, , for a review. In addition, intrinsic plasticity—a metaplasticity mechanism which changes the threshold for intrinsic neuronal excitability—is increased in the hippocampus through successful learning experiences see Sehgal et al. A positive effect of educationally relevant learning experiences on markers of brain health has also been found in experimental studies with humans.

Diverse interventions targeting at knowledge and skill acquisition improved cognitive abilities. Extensive learning experiences within a senior computer course improved working memory and episodic memory Klusmann et al. A digital-photography and quilting course improved episodic memory Park et al. A tablet course improved speed and episodic memory Chan et al. For example, Park et al. Compared to a group which completed activities that relied on activation of prior knowledge e. In addition, extensive educational learning interventions induced plasticity in brain function i.

The hippocampus increased in volume after extensive learning for medical exams Draganski et al. This interventional evidence is backed by robust observational evidence regarding the relationship of education with brain health markers. In addition, acquisition of skills such as speaking a second language and playing a musical instrument predicted a reduced future risk of cognitive decline Bak et al.

Furthermore, more years spent in education was associated with greater brain weight Brayne et al. In the last two sections, we reviewed evidence for beneficial effects on brain health a through gaming-induced neurocognitive demands and b through educationally relevant learning of knowledge and skills.

As educational games allow the combination of both, they seem to be optimally suited to promote brain health. However, to our knowledge, no study investigated the impact of educational gaming on brain health markers, yet. Hence, we propose a two-step neurocognitive approach in the following section that aims to reveal their unexplored potential. We have outlined above that games which induce learning of novel information and pose specific neurocognitive demands seem to be optimally-suited for brain health purposes.

Clearly, not all educational games pose specific neurocognitive demands and appropriate games need to be identified from the large and growing market cf. Wartella, In the first step, a cognitive task analysis should be conducted for a wide range of educational games in order to determine the most appropriate cognitively challenging games for the more cost-intensive second step.

Cognitive task analysis is a set of methods aiming to determine the cognitive demands to perform a task proficiently Militello and Hutton, We briefly depict one approach of a cognitive task analysis suited for educational games cf. Baniqued et al. First, a game diagram is created to determine the cognitively demanding tasks of the respective educational game.

Here, an expert for the game 1 breaks the game down into its major tasks usually between one and five tasks and 2 determines which tasks pose substantial demands on cognitive abilities such as attention, speed or memory cf. In DragonBox2 , there is one major task i. Subsequently, neuropsychologists should rate the major tasks of appropriate educational games on their specific neurocognitive demands.

The rating should be based on a validated taxonomy of neurocognitive abilities. For example, executive functions can be subdivided in three components including updating, inhibition, and shifting Miyake et al. Memory can be subdivided in the two components declarative memory and procedural memory Squire, ; Robertson, DragonBox2 poses high demands on executive function frontal brain systems and memory mediotemporal and basal ganglia systems.

In the behavioral approach, associations between game performance and performance in neuropsychological tests are assessed cf Jaeggi et al. The brain imaging approach aims to reveal the neuronal networks recruited by the games. Different brain imaging methods such as electroencephalography Anguera et al. In this perspective article, we reviewed two lines of research that indicate an unexplored potential of educational games to improve brain health.